Photoinitiators A comprehensive text that covers everything from the processes and mechanisms to the reactions and industrial applications of photoinitiatorsPhotoinitiators offers a wide-ranging overview of existing photoinitiators and photoinitiating systems and their uses in ever-growing green technologies. The authors-noted experts on the topic-provide a concise review of the backgrounds in photopolymerization and photochemistry, explain the available structures, and examine the excited state properties, involved mechanisms, and structure, reactivity, and efficiency relationships. The text also contains information on the latest developments and trends in the design of novel tailor-made systems.The book explores the role of current systems in existing and emerging processes and applications. Comprehensive in scope, it covers polymerization of thick samples and in-shadow areas, polymerization under LEDs, NIR light induced thermal polymerization, photoinitiators for novel specific and improved properties, and much more. Written by an experienced and internationally renowned team of authors, this important book:Provides detailed information about excited state processes, mechanisms and design of efficient photoinitiator systemsDiscusses the performance of photoinitiators of polymerization by numerous examples of reactions and applicationIncludes information on industrial applicationsPresents a review of current developments and challengesOffers an introduction to the background information necessary to understand thefieldThe role played by photoinitiators in a variety of different polymerization reactionsWritten for polymer chemists, photochemists, and materials scientists, Photoinitiators will also earn a place in the libraries of photochemists seeking an authoritative, one-stop guide to the processes, mechanisms, and industrial applications of photoinitiators.
Edited by a leading authority in the field, the first book on this important and emerging topic provides an overview of the latest trends in sequence-controlled polymers. Following a brief introduction, the book goes on to discuss various synthetic approaches to sequence-controlled polymers, including template polymerization, genetic engineering and solid-phase chemistry. Moreover, monomer sequence regulation in classical polymerization techniques such as step-growth polymerization, living ionic polymerizations and controlled radical polymerizations are explained, before concluding with a look at the future for sequence-controlled polymers. With its unique coverage of this interdisciplinary field, the text will prove invaluable to polymer and environmental chemists, as well as biochemists and bioengineers.
Covering fundamental research as well as real-world applications, this first book on CMAs at an introductory level treats everything from atomistic details to surface processing. Comprehensive, self-contained chapters provide readers with the latest knowledge on the most salient features of the topic, selected in terms of their relevance to potential technological applications. Edited by one of the most distinguished authorities on quasicrystals and this most important of their subclasses, the contributions elucidate aspects of CMAs from a particular viewpoint: physical and chemical characteristics in the sub-nanometer regime, mesoscale phenomena, preparation and processing of thin films, and large-scale engineering properties. The whole is rounded off by a look at the commercial potential of CMA-based applications.
For PhD students and lecturers alike.
Based on an international symposium addressing a key issue in global development, this reference includes both the latest methodologies for and practical examples of effective management of transboundary water resources. Its multidisciplinary approach combines hydrology and environmental science with economic and political approaches, in line with new UNESCO and EU recommendations, which have been formulated and implemented with the active involvement of all three editors.
By providing a theoretical framework as well as abundant case studies from southern Europe, Africa, Asia and South America, this handbook provides hydrologists, geologists, engineers and decision-makers with all the knowledge they need for their daily work.
This book brings together in a single volume a unique contribution by the top experts around the world in the field of compact semiconductor lasers to provide a comprehensive description and analysis of the current status as well as future directions in the field of micro- and nano-scale semiconductor lasers.
It is organized according to the various forms of micro- or nano-laser cavity configurations with each chapter discussing key technical issues, including semiconductor carrier recombination processes and optical gain dynamics, photonic confinement behavior and output coupling mechanisms, carrier transport considerations relevant to the injection process, and emission mode control.
Required reading for those working in and researching the area of semiconductors lasers and micro-electronics.
Covering everything from the basics to recent applications, this monograph represents an advanced overview of the field. Edited by internationally acclaimed experts respected throughout the community, the book is clearly divided into sections on fundamental and applied surface organometallic chemistry. Backed by numerous examples from the recent literature, this is a key reference for all chemists.
A concise and practical overview of the most important modern synthetic aspects of conjugated polymers and carbon materials, including their properties and applications. Well structured, this book summarizes recent achievements, outlines the current state and reviews research trends. As such, a wide variety of polymerization techniques are included on both a strategic as well as a practical level, including Stille, Suzuki , and direct (hetero)arylation polymerizations. Furthermore, it covers various carbon-rich materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, followed by a look at how the different synthetic pathways and strategies influence their final properties, for example, for use in organic electronic devices. The whole is rounded off with a discussion of future technology advances. An essential reference for newcomers as well as experienced researchers in the field.
A concise and practical overview of the most important modern synthetic aspects of conjugated polymers and carbon materials, including their properties and applications. Well structured, this book summarizes recent achievements, outlines the current state and reviews research trends. As such, a wide variety of polymerization techniques are included on both a strategic as well as a practical level, including Stille, Suzuki , and direct (hetero)arylation polymerizations. Furthermore, it covers various carbon-rich materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, followed by a look at how the different synthetic pathways and strategies influence their final properties, for example, for use in organic electronic devices. The whole is rounded off with a discussion of future technology advances. An essential reference for newcomers as well as experienced researchers in the field.
This self-contained introduction discusses the evolution of the notion of coherent states, from the early works of Schrodinger to the most recent advances, including signal analysis. An integrated and modern approach to the utility of coherent states in many different branches of physics, it strikes a balance between mathematical and physical descriptions.
Split into two parts, the first introduces readers to the most familiar coherent states, their origin, their construction, and their application and relevance to various selected domains of physics. Part II, mostly based on recent original results, is devoted to the question of quantization of various sets through coherent states, and shows the link to procedures in signal analysis.
Based on the Solvay conference, which gathers the leading scientists in the field, this monograph collects review articles from the six topics of the conference, while also including comments, discussions and debates obtained during the conference.
The issues discussed at this landmark conference were:
* Noncovalent Assemblies: Design and Synthesis
* Template Synthesis of Catenanes and Rotaxanes
* Molecular Machines Based on Catenanes and Rotaxanes
* Molecular Machines Based on Non-Interlocking Molecules
* Towards Molecular Logics and Artificial Photosynthesis
* From Single Molecules to Practical Devices
and the authors add their personal views on the future of each of their own research areas.
Novel reading for organic, inorganic and polymer chemists, as well as materials scientists.
This first comprehensive review of airborne measurement principles covers all atmospheric components and surface parameters. It describes the common techniques to characterize aerosol particles and cloud/precipitation elements, while also explaining radiation quantities and pertinent hyperspectral and active remote sensing measurement techniques along the way. As a result, the major principles of operation are introduced and exemplified using specific instruments, treating both classic and emerging measurement techniques.
The two editors head an international community of eminent scientists, all of them accepted and experienced specialists in their field, who help readers to understand specific problems related to airborne research, such as immanent uncertainties and limitations. They also provide guidance on the suitability of instruments to measure certain parameters and to select the correct type of device.
While primarily intended for climate, geophysical and atmospheric researchers, its relevance to solar system objects makes this work equally appealing to astronomers studying atmospheres of solar system bodies with telescopes and space probes.
Written and edited by top fuel cell catalyst scientists and engineers from both industry and academia, this is the first book to provide a complete overview of this hot topic. It covers the synthesis, characterization, activity validation and modeling of different non-noble metal electrocatalysts, as well as their integration into fuel cells and their performance validation, while also discussing those factors that will drive fuel cell commercialization.
With its well-structured approach, this is a must-have for researchers working on the topic, and an equally valuable companion for newcomers to the field.
The layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique is a versatile approach for preparing nanoscale multimaterial films: the fabrication of multicomposite films by the LbL procedure allows the combination of literally hundreds of different materials with nanometer thickness in a single device to obtain novel or superior performance. In the last 15 years the LbL technique has seen considerable developments and has now reached a point where it is beginning to find applications in bioengineering and biomedical engineering.
The book gives a thorough overview of applications of the LbL technique in the context of bioengineering and biomedical engineering where the last years have witnessed tremendous progress. The first part familiarizes the reader with the specifics of cell-film interactions that need to be taken into account for successful application of the LbL method in biological environments. The second part focuses on LbL-derived small drug delivery systems and antibacterial agents, and the third part covers nano- and microcapsules as drug carriers and biosensors. The fourth and last part focuses on larger-scale biomedical applications of the LbL method such as engineered tissues and implant coatings.
This first systematic compilation of synthesis methods for different classes of polymers describes well-tested and reproducible procedures, thus saving time, money and chemicals.
Each chapter presents the latest method for a specific class of conjugated polymers with a particular emphasis on the design aspects for organo-electronic applications. In this concise and practically oriented manner, readers are introduced to the strategies of influencing and controlling the polymer properties with respect to their use in the desired device.
This style of presentation quickly helps researchers in their daily lab work and prevents them from reinventing the wheel over and over again.
Edited by one of the leading experts in the field, this book fills the need for a book presenting the most important methods for high-throughput screenings and functional characterization of enzymes. It adopts an interdisciplinary approach, making it indispensable for all those involved in this expanding field, and reflects the major advances made over the past few years.
For biochemists, analytical, organic and catalytic chemists, and biotechnologists.
In the only book to focus on new developments and innovations in this hot field international experts from industry and academia present everything scientists need to know.
The first section provides general concepts of the synthesis and properties of epoxy polymers and serves as a basis for the subsequent chapters. The second section includes new types of epoxy polymers recently commercialized or not yet present on the market, while the third section includes chapters related to the capacity of generating controlled nanostructures in epoxy-based materials. A fourth section is devoted to innovations in epoxy-based materials such as adhesives, coatings, pre-pregs, structural foams, injection-molded products and self-healing epoxies. Concluding remarks and perspectives are discussed in a short final section.
The result is a one-stop reference source, collecting scientific and technological breakthroughs otherwise spread over hundreds of publications, patents and reports.
With its focus on concrete methods and recent advances in applying nanotechnology to develop new drug therapies and medical diagnostics, this book provides an overall picture of the field, from the fundamentals of nanopharmacy with the characterisation and manufacturing methods to the role of nanoparticles and substances. Actual examples of utilization include drug development issues, translation to the clinic, market prospects, and industrial commercialization aspects. The applications described are taken from cancer treatment as well as other major therapeutic areas, such as infectious diseases and dermatology. An in-depth discussion on safety, regulatory, and societal aspects rounds off the book.
Written by a top team of editors and authors composed of the leading experts in Europe and the USA who have pioneered the field of nanopharmacy!
This journey through the fascinating world of molecular topology focuses on catenanes, rotaxanes and knots, their synthesis, properties, and applications and the theory of interlocking and interpenetrating molecules. Nearly one hundred years of progress have passed since Willstatter's speculative vision of a molecule consisting of two interlinked rings. But even today the synthesis of such structures are a challenge to the creativity of synthetic chemists. These molecules are not only of academic interest, since they occur naturally. In such molecules as DNA, knots and related topological features play a key role in biochemical processes. In addition, extensive research on the properties of polyrotaxanes and polycatenanes show potential applications as molecular magnets, wires or switches.
Twelve international leading experts in the field present the broad and impressive spectrum of the topology of these molecules, from theoretical aspects and new pathways in synthesis to probing their properties. All researchers working in this interdisciplinary area, whether organic, inorganic or polymer chemists, as well as material scientists, will welcome this comprehensive and up-to-date work as an inspiring source for creative research ideas.
"Lasers" are active ingredients of our modern life, but they are inconspicuous as they often go unnoticed. This intuitive introductory guide will tell you all you want to know about laser technologies in very diverse fields from nuclear and particle physics to medicine, astronomy and ultra-precise metrology. The book is coherently focused on fundamentals, and is aimed to stimulate intuition about present and future applications, while unveiling the halo of myths around lasers. Written by reputable laser experts who think that science should be entertaining, this useful reference relies on simple analogies and illustrations rather than complex mathematics, and will be suitable for students and end-users of laser technologies, including novices.
Voted a CHOICE Outstanding Academic Title 2012
Collating our current knowledge and the latest developments for enabling breakthrough discoveries, this book focuses on the synthesis and applications of materials that are based on supramolecular assemblies of carbon nanostructures, with an emphasis on fullerenes and nanotubes. In so doing, it provides readers with an overview of the different types of supramolecular architectures, accentuating the outstanding geometrical, electronic and photophysical properties of the building blocks and the resulting structures. It makes use of basic concepts and real-life applications -- from simple syntheses to complex architectures, from instructive examples to working experimental procedures, and from photophysics to solar cells. A large part of each chapter is devoted to the methods and possibilities of controlling and tuning these molecular assemblies in order to obtain working devices.
Fascinating reading for materials scientists, organic chemists, molecular physicists, and those in the semiconductor industry.
This comprehensive, truly one-stop reference discusses monomers, methods, stereochemistry, industrial applications and more. Chapters written by internationally acclaimed experts in their respective fields cover both basic principles and up-to-date information, ranging from the controlled ring-opening polymerization methods to polymer materials of industrial interest. All main classes of monomers including heterocyclics, cyclic olefins and alkynes, and cycloalkanes, are discussed separately as well as their specificities regarding the ring-opening polymerization techniques, the mechanisms, the degree of control, the properties of the related polymers and their applications. The two last chapters are devoted to the implementation of green chemistry in ring-opening polymerization processes.
Of much interest to chemists in academia and industry.
Steve Jobs, Jeff Bezos, Larry Page, Sergey Brin, Zhang Ruimin, Marc Benioff - viele Worte wurden bereits über diese großen Unternehmer der Welt geschrieben. In diesem Buch geht es nicht darum, ihre Leistungen zu beschreiben. Es geht auch nicht um ihr Charisma, ihre persnlichen Prüfungen oder ihren Platz in der Populärkultur. Wir alle haben schon genug davon gehrt oder gelesen. In diesem Buch geht es um den Unternehmer, den Denker. Es geht um die großen Ideen, die bahnbrechenden/disruptiven Gedanken, die innovativen Grundlagen und Geschäftsphilosophien, die zu ihren Erfolgen geführt haben.
"Danke für die Disruption!" untersucht 20 der bedeutendsten Wirtschaftsführer unserer Zeit. Der Autor Jean-Marie Dru, selbst ein Disruptor, der den Begriff vor Jahrzehnten geprägt hat, erklärt nicht nur die Auswirkungen dieser Führungskräfte auf ihre eigenen Unternehmen, sondern auch ihren immensen Einfluss auf die gesamte Geschäftswelt. Jedes Kapitel ist vollgepackt mit detaillierten Analysen, aufschlussreichen Kommentaren und persnlichen Beobachtungen des Autors. Die disruptiven Ideen fallen in die Kategorien Führung, Innovation, soziale Verantwortung, Marke und Kultur. Für jedes dieser Themen erklärt der Autor 1) die wichtigsten innovativen Ideen, die dem Unternehmen Milliarden eingebracht haben; 2) wie ihre Innovationen und Ideen die Geschäftswelt im Allgemeinen beeinflusst haben; und 3) wie auch andere Manager und Führungskräfte diese disruptiven Ideen in ihren eigenen Organisationen umsetzen knnen.
Dieses ansprechende Buch veranschaulicht, wie die Vision eines disruptiven Innovators weit über sein Unternehmen hinausgehen kann, und ermutigt und inspiriert die Leser, zu Disruptoren in ihrem eigenen Unternehmen zu werden. Das Buch ist ein Muss für jeden, der sich für das Warum und Wie hinter den bedeutendsten und einflussreichsten Unternehmensleistungen unserer Zeit interessiert.
A guide to modifying and functionalizing the surfaces of polymers
Surface Modification of Polymers is an essential guide to the myriad methods that can be employed to modify and functionalize the surfaces of polymers. The functionalization of polymer surfaces is often required for applications in sensors, membranes, medicinal devices, and others. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?describe the polymer surface in detail and discuss the internal and external factors that influence surface properties.
This comprehensive guide to the most important methods for the introduction of new functionalities is an authoritative resource for everyone working in the field. This book explores many applications, including the plasma polymerization technique, organic surface functionalization by initiated chemical vapor deposition, photoinduced functionalization on polymer surfaces, functionalization of polymers by hydrolysis, aminolysis, reduction, oxidation, surface modification of nanoparticles, and many more. Inside, readers will find information on various applications in the biomedical field, food science, and membrane science. This important book:
-Offers a range of polymer functionalization methods for biomedical applications, water filtration membranes, and food science
-Contains discussions of the key surface modification methods, including plasma and chemical techniques, as well as applications for nanotechnology, environmental filtration, food science, and biomedicine
-Includes contributions from a team of international renowned experts
Written for polymer chemists, materials scientists, plasma physicists, analytical chemists, surface physicists, and surface chemists, Surface Modification of Polymers offers a comprehensive and application-oriented review of the important functionalization methods with a special focus on biomedical applications, membrane science, and food science.
Wenn die Schulmedizin an ihre Grenzen stßt, kommen alternative Heilverfahren ins Spiel. Hier nimmt die Traditionelle Chinesische Medizin eine besondere Rolle ein. Jean Pélissier stellt die wichtigsten Aspekte der TCM fachlich fundiert und leicht verständlich dar. Er erläutert das Zusammenspiel von Yin und Yang und deren Einfluss auf die Lebensenergie Qi und zeigt die ganzheitliche Sichtweise der TCM auf Gesundheit, Krankheit und den menschlichen Krper. Sie lernen die fünf therapeutischen Säulen, auf denen die TCM beruht - Kräutermedizin, Bewegungsübungen, Massage, Ernährung und vor allem Akupunktur - und die zahlreichen Anwendungsgebiete kennen - von der Behandlung von chronischen Schmerzen, Allergien oder Stresserkrankungen über Atemwegserkrankungen bis zur Nikotinentwhnung.
