This is a collection of new investigations and discoveries on the theory of opposition (square, hexagon, octagon, polyhedra of opposition) by the best specialists from all over the world.
The papers range from historical considerations to new mathematical developments of the theory of opposition including applications to theology, theory of argumentation and metalogic.
Universal Logic is not a new logic, but a general theory of logics, considered as mathematical structures. The name was introduced about ten years ago, but the subject is as old as the beginning of modern logic. It was revived after the flowering of thousands of new logics during the last thirty years: there was a need for a systematic theory of logics to put some order in this chaotic multiplicity. The present book contains recent works on universal logic by first-class researchers from all around the world. The book is full of new and challenging ideas that will guide the future of this exciting subject. It will be of interest for people who want to better understand what logic is. It will help those who are lost in the jungle of heterogeneous logical systems to find a way. Tools and concepts are provided here for those who want to study classes of already existing logics or want to design and build new ones.
The theory of oppositions based on Aristotelian foundations of logic has been pictured in a striking square diagram which can be understood and applied in many different ways having repercussions in various fields: epistemology, linguistics, mathematics, sociology, physics. The square can also be generalized in other two-dimensional or multi-dimensional objects extending in breadth and depth the original Aristotelian theory. The square of opposition from its origin in antiquity to the present day continues to exert a profound impact on the development of deductive logic. Since 10 years there is a new growing interest for the square due to recent discoveries and challenging interpretations. This book presents a collection of previously unpublished papers by high level specialists on the square from all over the world.
This is the revised second edition of the well-received book by the first two authors. It offers a systematic treatment of the theory of vector bundles with integrable connection on smooth algebraic varieties over a field of characteristic 0. Special attention is paid to singularities along divisors at infinity, and to the corresponding distinction between regular and irregular singularities. The topic is first discussed in detail in dimension 1, with a wealth of examples, and then in higher dimension using the method of restriction to transversal curves.
The authors develop a new approach to classical algebraic/analytic comparison theorems in De Rham cohomology, and provide a unified discussion of the complex and the p-adic situations while avoiding the resolution of singularities.
They conclude with a proof of a conjecture by Baldassarri to the effect that algebraic and p-adic analytic De Rham cohomologies coincide, under an arithmetic condition on exponents.
As used in this text, the term "De Rham cohomology" refers to the hypercohomology of the De Rham complex of a connection with respect to a smooth morphism of algebraic varieties, equipped with the Gauss-Manin connection. This simplified approach suffices to establish the stability of crucial properties of connections based on higher direct images. The main technical tools used include: Artin local decomposition of a smooth morphism in towers of elementary fibrations, and spectral sequences associated with affine coverings and with composite functors.
Since the birth of rational homotopy theory, the possibility of extending the Quillen approach - in terms of Lie algebras - to a more general category of spaces, including the non-simply connected case, has been a challenge for the algebraic topologist community. Despite the clear Eckmann-Hilton duality between Quillen and Sullivan treatments, the simplicity in the realization of algebraic structures in the latter contrasts with the complexity required by the Lie algebra version.
In this book, the authors develop new tools to address these problems. Working with complete Lie algebras, they construct, in a combinatorial way, a cosimplicial Lie model for the standard simplices. This is a key object, which allows the definition of a new model and realization functors that turn out to be homotopically equivalent to the classical Quillen functors in the simply connected case. With this, the authors open new avenues for solving old problems and posing new questions.
This monograph is the winner of the 2020 Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize, a prestigious award for books of expository nature presenting the latest developments in an active area of research in mathematics.
The theory of the square of opposition has been studied for over 2,000 years and has seen a resurgence in new theories and research since the second half of the twentieth century. This volume collects papers presented at the Sixth World Congress on the Square of Opposition, held in Crete in 2018, developing an interdisciplinary exploration of the theory. Chapter authors explore subjects such as Aristotle's ontological square, logical oppositions in Avicenna's hypothetical logic, and the power of the square of opposition to solve theological problems regarding predestination and theodicy. Other topics covered include:Hegel's opposition to diagramsDe Morgan's unpublished octagon of opposition turnstile figures of oppositioninstitutional model-theoretic treatment of oppositionsLacan's four formulas of sexuationthe theory of oppositional poly-simplexesThe Exoteric Square of Opposition will appeal to pure logicians, historians of logic, semioticians, philosophers, theologians, mathematicians, and psychoanalysts.
This contributed volume collects papers related to the Logic in Question workshop, which has taken place annually at Sorbonne University in Paris since 2011. Each year, the workshop brings together historians, philosophers, mathematicians, linguists, and computer scientists to explore questions related to the nature of logic and how it has developed over the years. As a result, chapter authors provide a thorough, interdisciplinary exploration of topics that have been studied in the workshop. Organized into three sections, the first part of the book focuses on historical questions related to logic, the second explores philosophical questions, and the third section is dedicated to mathematical discussions. Specific topics include:
o logic and analogyo Chinese logico nineteenth century British logic (in particular Boole and Lewis Carroll)o logical diagrams o the place and value of logic in Louis Couturat's philosophical thinkingo contributions of logical analysis for mathematics educationo the exceptionality of logico the logical expressive power of natural languageso the unification of mathematics via topos theory
Logic in Question will appeal to pure logicians, historians of logic, philosophers, linguists, and other researchers interested in the history of logic, making this volume a unique and valuable contribution to the field.
This book presents the mathematics behind the formulation, approximation, and numerical analysis of contact and friction problems. It also provides a survey of recent developments in the numerical approximation of such problems as well as several remaining unsolved issues. Particular focus is placed on the Signorini problem and on frictionless unilateral contact in small strain. The final chapters cover more complex, applications-oriented problems, such as frictional contact, multi-body contact, and large strain.Finite Element Approximation of Contact and Friction in Elasticity will be a valuable resource for researchers in the area. It may also be of interest to those studying scientific computing and computational mechanics.
John Corcoran was a very well-known logician who worked on several areas of logic. He produced decisive works giving a better understanding of two major figures in the history of logic, Aristotle and Boole. Corcoran had a close association with Alfred Tarski, a prominent 20th-century logician. This collaboration manifested in Corcoran's substantial introduction to Tarski's seminal book, Logic, Semantics, Metamathematics (1956). Additionally, Corcoran's posthumous editorial involvement in 'What are logical notions?' (1986) breathed new life into this seminal paper authored by Tarski. His scholarly pursuits extended to the intricate explication of fundamental concepts in modern logic, including variables, propositions, truth, consequences, and categoricity. Corcoran's academic curiosity extended further to the intersection of ethics and logic, reflecting his contemplation of their interrelation. Beyond these theoretical contributions, Corcoran was deeply engaged in the pedagogical dimensions of logic instruction. This volume serves as a compilation of articles contributed by Corcoran's students, colleagues, and international peers. By encompassing a diverse range of subjects, this collection aptly mirrors Corcoran's wide-ranging interests, offering insights that not only deepen our understanding of his work but also advance the theoretical frameworks he explored.
